expanded dictionary
One special and useful feature of LIWC is its flexibility. Researchers can built their own dictionaries according to their specific goals and needs. It is easy to build a personalized dictionary and to import it into LIWC. Just a few steps, a new set of categories and percentages of words is ready for analysis.
In fact, the English dictionary is the only built-in dictionary for LIWC. All the other currently available language dictionaries are plug-ins. These files have to be in accordance with a certain format to be a LIWC dictionary. For Chinese users, pleasemodel either the format of the traditional orthe simplified Chinese dictionary. Be noted that the file has to be saved asa UTF8 encoded plain text file. You then are ready to import it into LIWC.
A revised emotion dictionary in Chinese provides a good example. For emotional words, the current LIWC dictionarydivided them into positive and negative emotional words first. Under the negative emotion category, three more categories are distinguished includingsadness, anger, and anxiety. All positive emotion words are grouped into one single category. But for some researchers, finer distinctionsmight be needed.
Based on the circumplex model of emotion, where emotions are distinguished according to valence and arousal dimensions, Huang, et. al. (2013) developed an emotion dictionary according to this circumplex model. Her dictionary categorized emotion words into four categories by crossing dimensions of high/low arousal level and positive/negativevalence. This newly established dictionary echoes the theoretical arguments that East Asian culturesvaluelow arousal positive affects more than other types of affects (Tsai, 2007; Tsai, Knutson, & Fung, 2006). Her dictionary has also been applied to compare different religious experiences and showed good discriminant validity.
In addition, Huang et. al. (2013) also established another dictionary to describe the characteristics of the Chinese way of thinking. She first created a category of "yin and yang thoughts”, which includes many popular yi-yang idioms. Moreover, to increase tagging frequency, she and her colleaguesfurther created a new word category of “disjunctive”, which includes words like “but”, “might as well”, and “on the other hand”. These categories enableresearchers to capture the thoughts that shift from one perspective to another.Her research has also demonstrated significant interaction effects between thought shifting and Zong-Yong on psychological adjustment (Huang et. al., in press).
We encourage researchers to share their customized dictionary here to promote and expand the applications of LIWC. Based on the principles of intellectual property and copyrights, the creators of each dictionary could set their own rules for sharing their dictionaries. These rules could vary from completely open for download for use to somesort of collaborations.
This page provides only descriptionsof these files, terms of use,and related contact information. Please contact us for information you would like to post here.
In fact, the English dictionary is the only built-in dictionary for LIWC. All the other currently available language dictionaries are plug-ins. These files have to be in accordance with a certain format to be a LIWC dictionary. For Chinese users, pleasemodel either the format of the traditional orthe simplified Chinese dictionary. Be noted that the file has to be saved asa UTF8 encoded plain text file. You then are ready to import it into LIWC.
A revised emotion dictionary in Chinese provides a good example. For emotional words, the current LIWC dictionarydivided them into positive and negative emotional words first. Under the negative emotion category, three more categories are distinguished includingsadness, anger, and anxiety. All positive emotion words are grouped into one single category. But for some researchers, finer distinctionsmight be needed.
Based on the circumplex model of emotion, where emotions are distinguished according to valence and arousal dimensions, Huang, et. al. (2013) developed an emotion dictionary according to this circumplex model. Her dictionary categorized emotion words into four categories by crossing dimensions of high/low arousal level and positive/negativevalence. This newly established dictionary echoes the theoretical arguments that East Asian culturesvaluelow arousal positive affects more than other types of affects (Tsai, 2007; Tsai, Knutson, & Fung, 2006). Her dictionary has also been applied to compare different religious experiences and showed good discriminant validity.
In addition, Huang et. al. (2013) also established another dictionary to describe the characteristics of the Chinese way of thinking. She first created a category of "yin and yang thoughts”, which includes many popular yi-yang idioms. Moreover, to increase tagging frequency, she and her colleaguesfurther created a new word category of “disjunctive”, which includes words like “but”, “might as well”, and “on the other hand”. These categories enableresearchers to capture the thoughts that shift from one perspective to another.Her research has also demonstrated significant interaction effects between thought shifting and Zong-Yong on psychological adjustment (Huang et. al., in press).
We encourage researchers to share their customized dictionary here to promote and expand the applications of LIWC. Based on the principles of intellectual property and copyrights, the creators of each dictionary could set their own rules for sharing their dictionaries. These rules could vary from completely open for download for use to somesort of collaborations.
This page provides only descriptionsof these files, terms of use,and related contact information. Please contact us for information you would like to post here.